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Operation Reinhard in Kraków
Operation Reinhard in Kraków, often referred to by its original codename in German as ''Aktion Krakau'', was a major 1942 German Nazi operation against the Jews of Kraków, Poland. It was headed by SS and Police Leader Julian Scherner from Waffen-SS. The ''roundup'' was part of the countrywide ''Aktion Reinhard'' (Operation Reinhard), the mass murder of Polish Jews in the so-called General Government under the command of ''SS und Polizeiführer'' Odilo Globocnik.
==History==
Beginning in 1941, all Jewish inhabitants of Kraków were ordered to relocate into the newly established ''Ghetto Krakau'' situated in the Podgórze district, away from the predominantly Jewish district of Kazimierz. A German Labour Office (''Arbeitsamt'') was set up for those employed outside the Ghetto. At the beginning of 1942, the entire Jewish population of Greater Kraków (including 29 surrounding villages) was forced to move into the same Ghetto with each person granted of space. On 1 June 1942 the ghetto was surrounded by German police and SS. To conceal the purpose of the "Aktion" and calm the Jewish population, the SD and SiPo officers – among them ''SS-Obersturmbannführer'' Willi Haase, ''SS-Obersturmführer'' Becher, and ''SS-Hauptscharführer'' Heinrich – told the Jews of a "resettlement" programme. Jews who worked in German factories were permitted to remain, while the first transport of 7,000 Jews were assembled on Zgody Square and escorted to the railway station in Prokocim. On 5 June 1942 additional 4,000 Jews were deported to Bełżec extermination camp in a similar way.
On 13 March and 14 March 1943, the Nazis carried out the final 'liquidation' of the ghetto under the command of ''SS-Sturmbannführer'' Amon Goeth. Those deemed able to work were transported to the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp. Some 2,000 Jews unable to move or attempting to run were killed in the streets and in their homes. The captives were sent to Auschwitz. As noted by historians Ernst Klee, Willi Dressen and Volker Riess, the German police from the office of ''Grenz Polizeikommissariat'' were quite eager to take part in the murdering of Jews in and around Kraków, in anticipation of considerable material gains.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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